http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/404 2026-04-09T23:33:23Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/674 Risks and Existing Health Services for Men Having Sex with Men in Maina, E; Butto, D. Homosexuals and especially men who have sex with men, face numerous health risks and limited options for health services due to associated stigma and discrimination from the general population. Understanding these risks is important in designing health promotion and behavior change interventions for this key population group. The objective of this study was to determine health risks among homosexuals and to establish health promotion and management services for Men having Sex Men (MSM) in Kilifi Town, Kenya. A descriptive cross-sectional study and snowballing sampling technique was used to reach MSM. 69.4% of respondents did not use condoms during their last sexual act. There was high prevalence of multiple sexual partners and drug abuse among the study participants. There was limited access to health services with government facilities the only available option for 87% of the respondents. 63.9%, of the respondents had experienced some form of discrimination when they last went for health services. This study recommends policy formulation ; health services partnerships and advocacy for homosexuals’ sexual reproductive health to improve health status of men who have se with men in Kilifi town. Keywords: 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/673 Effect of Competition from Commercial Banks on the Financial Performance of San the Banking Sector in Kenya. Kiaritha, H; Herman M, H; Njenga, N Kenya has a long history of co-operative development characterized by strong growth, thus making significant contribution to the economy. Co-operatives are recognized by the government as a major contributor to national growth and development as they are found in almost all sectors of the economy and account for more than thirty percent of the National Domestic Saving. Commercial banks in Kenya have staged a stiff competition to the Co-operatives through provision of unsecured personal loans. The Co-operatives consequently devised competitive strategies to counter competition through reducing loan processing period and increasing loan repayment period. This has increased productivity, job creation and improved national economic growth and development. This study sought to establish whether competition from commercial banks affect financial performance of Savings and Credit Co-operatives (SACCOs) in Kenya. The study adopted a descriptive survey and quantitative research design. The target population was Co- Book of Abstracts, 2018 37 operatives in the banking sector in Kenya. Stratified sampling and simple random sampling were used. A Likert scale questionnaire was used to gather primary information and a secondary data collection sheet was used in gathering information regarding financial performance of the SACCOs. Information was sorted, coded and input into the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 21.0 for production of graphs, tables, descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. There was a positive relationship between competition from commercial banks and financial performance of SACCOs in the banking sector in Kenya, correlation coefficient of 0.647 p-value of 0.000. The study concluded that competition from commercial banks is statistically significant in explaining financial performance of SACCOs in the banking sector in Kenya. We recommend that SACCOs should effectively manage competition from banks to improve their financial performance and to further stir up national economic growth to eradicate poverty. 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/672 On the Number of Cyclotomic Cosets and Cyclic Codes Over ℤ𝟏𝟑. Lao, H. Let ℤ𝑞 be a finite field with 𝑞 element and 𝑥 𝑛 − 1 be a given cyclotomic polynomial. The number of cyclotomic cosets and cyclic codes has not been done in general. Although for different values of 𝑞 the polynomial 𝑥 𝑛 − 1 has been characterised. This paper will determine the number of irreducible monic polynomials and cyclotomic cosets of 𝑥 𝑛 − 1 over ℤ13 .Factorization of 𝑥 𝑛 − 1 over ℤ13 into irreducible polynomials using cyclotomic cosets of 13 modulo 𝑛 will be established. The number of irreducible polynomials factors of 𝑥 𝑛 − 1 over ℤ𝑞 is equal to the number of cyclotomic cosets of 𝑞 modulo𝑛. Each monic divisor of 𝑥 𝑛 − 1 is a generator polynomial of cyclic code in 𝐹𝑞 𝑛. This paper will further demonstrate that the number of cyclic codes of length 𝑛 over a finite field 𝐹 is equal to the number of polynomials that divide𝑥 𝑛 − 1. Finally, the number of cyclic codes of length 𝑛, when 𝑛 = 13𝑘, 𝑛 = 13𝑘 , 𝑛 = 13𝑘 − 1, (𝑘, 13) = 1 are determined. 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/670 Total Impact of Tourism on the Economy of Rwanda (2014). The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the economic impact of tourism and assess the strength of tourism inter-industry linkages in Rwanda’s economy for the year 2014. The input-output/SAM models were used to estimate the impacts and linkages of tourism in terms of output production, employment generation, labour income earnings and total value creation.The economic models identified and quantified the linkages between different sectors of the economy and linkages with other countries. Relationships between expenditure and output, income and employment (direct, indirect or induced) were described by multipliers. Data was sourced from EORA multi-region input-output table (MRIO) database and the Rwanda Tourism Satellite Account for the year 2014.All impacts have a starting point in the economy, defined as the direct effect. The direct effect sets off iterations of indirect (inter-industry production) and induced (labour) spending. The common multipliers computed were associated with output, income, value addition and employment in the economy for the year 2014. Multipliers were classified into their various multiplier effects: initial effects, production and consumption-induced effects. About $286 million worth of internal tourism demand in the economy created 72,000 jobs (13% of economy-wide employment) $195 million in labour income (6.4% of national labour income), $381 million in total value addition (6.8% of national total value) and $803 million in output (7.3% of national output). In this report, internal tourism expenditure (a portion of internal tourism consumption) was used as a basis for calculating relevant multipliers and associated effects. Further studies are recommended to re-estimate the multipliers by considering internal tourism Book of Abstracts, 2018 32 consumption in its entirety. A more robust methodology such as Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model could be considered for further analysis. Keywords: Tourism Satellite Account, Input-Output Table, Social Accounting Matrix, Economic Contribution, Structural Linkages, Rwanda 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z