An Evaluation of the Influence of Depression among First Year University Students in Kenya

Abstract

University students have been the focus of negative headlines about everything from binge drinking to campus crime but now a new concern may dwarf the earlier crises namely: an alarming increase in cases of mental illness on college campuses. The average age of onset for many mental health conditions is the typical University age range of 18 to 24 years. The common stressors include greater academic demands; new financial responsibilities; changes in social life; exposure to new people, ideas and temptations; greater awareness of sexual identity; and anxiety about life after graduation. Additionaly, the transition from high school to University is filled with anticipation, excitement, and enthusiasm. Along with the positive feelings often associated with university life, challenges include; geographic changes, the rigors of academics, loss of familiar surroundings, and an entirely new interpersonal environment among other challenges. Indeed, from a developmental perspective, the age at which many students begin their higher education has important implications for adjusting effectively to the University landscape. The process of identity development accelerates during the college years due to increased opportunities and freedom to explore various careers, lifestyles, and worldviews that were not as prevalent during high school. Navigating the process of identity development can lead to self-doubt, social withdrawal, loneliness, lowered self-esteem, and even depression. A recent survey involving 1,455 students, reported that of those students who experienced depressive symptoms since beginning University, the four most commonly cited reasons for their depression were academic problems, loneliness, economic problems, and relationship difficulties. Thus although many University students are able to experience the pleasures and novelties of college life without experiencing debilitating adjustment difficulties, a significant number develop elevated levels of depression during these formative years.