Exploring the Potential of Plant-Based Biopesticides for Sustainable Crop Protection in Mwea, Kirinyaga County, Kenya

Abstract

Conventional synthetic pesticides, while boosting agricultural yields, pose serious health and environmental risks. In Mwea, their overuse threatens human health, food security, and environmental sustainability. Exposure can cause cancer, neurological disorders, and respiratory problems. Additionally, high costs burden small-scale farmers, leading to inconsistent pest control practices. Sustainable alternatives are essential for long-term food security and environmental health. This study aimed to explore plant-based biopesticides as a sustainable alternative to crop protection. The study investigated current pesticide use, assessed the cost-effectiveness of biopesticides, and identified barriers to their adoption. Both qualitative and quantitative research designs were used, conducting in-depth interviews and focus group discussions and structured questionnaire administration to 60 experienced farmers in Mwea. Farmers with a minimum of one year’s farming experience were selected using purposive sampling technique. Selection was done with the help of local agricultural extension officers for diversity in crop types and farm sizes farmers in Mwea Sub-County. The findings were; majority (70.91%) of farmers rely solely on synthetic chemical pesticides, while a significant portion 20.00% exclusively use plantbased biopesticides. About (9.09%) of farmers reported using both. The results showed that plant-based biopesticides are more cost-effective than synthetic pesticides (89%) with a lower average cost per application and higher effectiveness rates. The main barriers to adopting biopesticides were a lack of knowledge or information (97%) difficulty in accessing them (90%), and perceived high cost(70%). This study concludes that, while plantbased biopesticides offer a promising solution for sustainable pest control in Mwea, challenges such as; lack of information, difficulty in accessing biopesticides, and perceived high cost needs to be addressed. Recommendations: advocate for promoting plant-based biopesticides in Mwea through awareness campaigns highlighting their efficacy and environmental benefits. Financial incentives and subsidies should be introduced to make these alternatives affordable for small-scale farmers. Collaboration between KALRO(Kenya Agriculture and Livestock Reareach Organization) and agricultural services should ensure ongoing evaluation and promotion of effective biopesticide formulations to enhance sustainable crop yields.